祖ｚǔ■：原指父亲的上一辈，后泛指被祭祀的已经逝世的诸多先人

Zu Z: a previous generation of fathers, and a later one of many dead ancestors who have been sacrificed.

祖：礻＋且。在甲骨文和金文中，“且”，男性生殖器的象形字。“示”是用于祭祀的桌子，示字表明祭祀的桌子起码有三条腿，上面还有一个桌面，桌面上还放着供果。“祖”：礻+且，表明人们祭祀的是自己作为神的已经去世的先人，称为“祖先”，主要以男性祖先为主，傅之于女性祖先，祖先就以男性祖先为主来表示。称为“祖先”的，一般是祖父辈，即父亲的父亲， 称为祖父。当然，父亲去世了也属于祖先的范围了。

Zu: he is + and. In oracle bone and gold, the pictogram of the male genitals. "Shi" is a table for sacrificial purposes. The word indicates that the table has at least three legs, and there is a table on which there is a table for offering fruit. "ancestor": he also shows that people sacrifice themselves to their deceased ancestors as gods, known as "ancestors", mainly male ancestors, Fu to female ancestors, ancestors are mainly male ancestors to express. What is called an ancestor is usually a grandfather, the father of a father, and a grandfather. Of course, the death of the father also belongs to the ancestral domain.

自古以来，中国每个家庭就有敬奉自己祖先神主牌位，以及在各种形式的“寺庙”内敬奉众神灵的习惯，借以表达对神灵的敬畏和祭奠，祈求神灵的庇佑。这是中国独特形态的“宗教”。下面的一组古汉字中就体现了这一点。

Since ancient times, every family in China has the habit of worshiping their ancestral gods and worshipping the gods in various forms of "temples" to express their reverence and sacrifice, and to pray for the protection of the gods. This is China's unique form of "religion". This is reflected in the following set of ancient Chinese characters.

人们祭祀的祖先，首先是对于男性祖先的崇拜。父系氏族社会里，男性掌握权力，男性的历史地位高于女性。在造字时，已经进入父系氏族社会。因此，在中国的祖先崇拜中，突出男性的地位，对于男性的情况传承得多，而对于女性的情况则传承得很少。

The ancestors of sacrifice, first of all, the worship of male ancestors. In patriarchal society, men hold power and men's historical status is higher than that of women. At the time of writing, it had entered the patrilineal society. Therefore, in Chinese ancestor worship, the status of men is more important than that of women.

比如，家谱、族谱均对自己的祖先情况有较简要的纪录，但对于男子的纪录是较为详尽的：纪录男子的生死年月日，乃至时辰（古时中国分一天为12时辰），纪录男子的当官发财情况，特别是对于当官的纪录最为详尽，对于男子的墓地纪录也是清楚的，对于男子有几个孩子，均有交待。

For example, the genealogy and genealogy have a relatively brief record of their ancestors, but the records for men are more detailed: records of men's lives, ages, months, and even times (in ancient China, 12 hours a day). The record of man's official wealth, especially for the official record is the most detailed, for the man's cemetery record is also clear, for the man has several children, are accountable.

但是，对于祖先中的女性，即男子的配偶，往往只有非常简单的一行字，比如，张氏，或者李氏等外姓女子，她生育有几个孩子，名字叫什么。要说祖先中男子的配偶，其资料之少，可以说少于任何一个他们的子女的资料；别说男孩有较详尽的资料，就是女孩，也有长大后嫁给某地方的某人为妻的纪录。这种历史现象只有到了新中国建立后，族谱、家谱的纪录中才逐渐增多对女性配偶的纪录。历史总是不断进步的。

But for a woman of her ancestry, that is, the spouse of a man, there is often only a very simple line, for example, a woman with an external name such as Zhang or Li, who has several children and what is her name. To say that the spouses of men in their ancestors have less information than any of their children; not to mention that boys have more detailed information, that is, girls, and that they have a record of marrying someone from a certain place when they grow up. It is only after the founding of New China that the records of the family tree and genealogy gradually increase the records of the female spouse. History is always progressive.

“祖”字。《说文》：“始朝也，从示。”《新华字典》：“1、父亲的上一辈。2、对跟祖父同辈人的称呼。”

"ancestor": "the beginning of the dynasty, from the show." Xinhua Dictionary ":" 1, the father of the previous generation. 2, to the grandfather of the same age. "

宗ｚōｎɡ■：庙堂或厅堂上祭祀的逝世祖先

The dead ancestor of a temple or hall.

宗：宀＋示。“示”是供桌的象形字，这是用于祭祀神灵的桌子。按照中国的传统，“宗”字的本义：家中的厅堂中祭祀着自己的逝世祖先。

Zong: Li + Shi. "Shi" is the hieroglyphs of the offering table, which is used to worship the gods. According to Chinese tradition, the original meaning of the word "Zong": sacrificing their dead ancestors in the halls of the family.

“宗”字，表达出一般家庭的厅堂内供奉着自己祖先的牌位，桌面上摆放着供果，其意思是祭祀自己的祖先。而在家族的宗庙中，则将祖先的牌位一代接一代排列，以进行一年几次的祭祀活动。每代祖先又有祖先自己的兄弟的牌位，这是发散性的家族成员的名字图画。此外，很重要的一件事情就是一些名门望族都修有族谱，一般稍微经济宽裕些的家族，都会出资参与每60年（即“一个甲子循环”）一次的大家族的修族谱工作，每个家族成员通过族谱，能够知道自己的各代祖宗名字，并且以家谱形式纪录下来，逐代相传。因此，每一代人都可以追寻自己先前的各代祖先。

The word "Zong" expresses that in the halls of ordinary families there is a memorial of one's ancestors, and a fruit offering is placed on the table, which means offering sacrifices to one's own ancestors. In the family temple, ancestral tablets are arranged from generation to perform sacrifices several times a year. The ancestors of each generation have their own brotherly cards, which are pictures of the names of divergent family members. In addition, one of the most important things is that some elite families have a genealogy, and families that are generally slightly more affluent will contribute to the family tree work of a large family every 60 years (that is, the "A cycle"). Each member of the family passes through the clan Spectrum, the ability to know their ancestral names, and in the form of genealogical records, generation by generation. As a result, each generation can trace its previous generations of ancestors.

祖先是一代一代传过来的，家谱中自己的祖先可以追溯的，各个家族不同，有十来代的，有的有100多代。例如，在中国广东、江西、福建、台湾乃至东南亚各地繁衍生息的刘氏开七公的后裔，起码有数百万众甚至超千万之多，这个家族目前可以追溯的，已经达到170多代。

Ancestors are handed down from generation to generation, their ancestors can be traced back in the family tree, different families, there are ten generations, some have more than 100 generations. For example, in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other parts of Southeast Asia, there are at least millions, if not tens of millions, of Liu's descendants. The family can now trace back to more than 170 generations.

族谱较扼要纪录各代的祖宗名字，配偶，生卒年月日，生育几个子女，这些儿子的职业、政治地位，女儿则交待嫁给何方人氏为妻。这种族谱，纪录着自己的历代祖先，如同一颗大树一样，从根部生出来后，树就长出主干和枝枝杈杈，大一点的枝杈又长出小一点的枝杈，一直到最小的叶片。整个追溯自己祖宗的情况，就像从叶片追溯树根一样，叶片——小枝杈——大枝杈——树根。对于祖宗的纪录是很有秩序的，这个祖宗的系列，上面有父亲——祖父——曾祖父——上面几世祖，依此类推，等等。

The genealogy compendiously records the ancestral names of each generation, the spouse, the date of birth, the number of children born, the occupation and political status of these sons, and the daughter's account of who he is to marry as his wife. This pedigree, which records one's ancestors, like a great tree, grows from the roots the trunk and branches, and the larger branches grow smaller branches, even to the smallest leaves. The whole trace of their own ancestors, just as from the leaf roots, leaves-small branches-big branches-roots. The records of the ancestors are very orderly, and this ancestral series has the father Father-great-grandfather-the ancestors above, and so on, and so on.

古代先民很重视自己的家谱，即使在战乱情况下，人们也把家谱当作自己的护身法宝。因为按照当时的习惯，同宗族相认，同宗族可以帮助你解决许多困难和问题，从而在生存上提供保障，有时同族还能在政治上和文化上给自己提供发展的空间和条件。

Ancient ancestors attached great importance to their genealogy, even in the war, the family tree as their own protection. Because according to the custom at that time, the same clan can help you to solve many difficulties and problems, thus providing security for your survival, and sometimes the same clan can also provide yourself with the space and conditions for development politically and culturally.

正因为如此，对于族谱的重视就顺理成章了，通常族谱60年一修。从族谱中能够追溯前辈的友谊，能够增进后辈相互间的了解和互相帮助。随着社会交往手段的日益发展，交往渠道的增多，人们对于认祖归宗的事情，逐渐淡漠起来。现代中国，有相当比例的人不知道自己以上的第六、第七代祖先是谁，自己的祖籍在哪里，但这并不妨碍他们在政治经济文化上的发展。现代化社会是一个社会性日益增强的社会，宗族的势力已经基本退出历史舞台，宗亲的思想主要停留在对自己祖先的来源的追忆上。

Because of this, the emphasis on genealogy is natural, usually in 60 years. From the genealogy can trace the friendship of the older generation, can enhance the understanding and mutual help of the later generations. With the development of social communication means and the increase of communication channels, people are gradually indifferent to the recognition of their ancestors. In modern China, a considerable proportion of people do not know who their sixth and seventh generation ancestors are and where their ancestors are, but this does not hinder their political, economic and cultural development. Modern society is an increasingly social society, clan forces have basically withdrawn from the historical stage, sect. The thought of kinship lies mainly in the memory of the origin of one's ancestors.

在中国古文化中，牢记自己的祖先并且定期给祖先烧香礼敬是后裔的一份责任。其中，牢记自己的祖先是一项重要的事情。对于自己祖宗的推崇和祭祀，是完全必要的，也是人之常情。了解自己的家族历史，如同了解自己祖国的历史，有利于增强对自己家庭、家族，以及对自己祖国和整个社会的凝聚力和亲近感。

In ancient Chinese culture, it is a duty of descendants to remember their ancestors and regularly burn incense to them. It is important to remember your ancestors. The worship and sacrifice of their ancestors is absolutely necessary and human. Understanding one's own family history is like understanding one's own country's history, which helps to strengthen the cohesion and affinity to one's family, one's own motherland and the whole society.

“宗”字。《说文》：“尊祖庙也。”《新华字典》：“1、旧指宗庙，祖庙。2、家族。3、宗派，派别。”

"Zong" word. "Zun Zu Miao is also." Xinhua Dictionary ":" 1, the old refers to the temple, ancestral temple. 2, family. 3, sect, faction. "

祥ｘｉáｎɡ■：用羊祭祀神灵是吉祥的

Xiang xi-n-n-he: It is auspicious to sacrifice the gods with the sheep

祥：礻+羊。甲骨文、金文、隶书、楷书中的“祥”字表示的是用羊祭祀神灵，因而有神灵保护祭祀者，那当然是吉祥的事情。“祥”字与“福”字，在汉字造字的祖先们看来，都是需要依靠上天（神灵）才能够得到吉祥和幸福的。这因为这些老祖先所处时代的生产力太低下，以至他们认为什么事情都得依赖上天、神灵保佑。

Xiang: he sheep. The word "Xiang" in oracle bone, gold, official script and regular script means offering sacrifices to gods with sheep, so there are gods to protect the worshippers, that is, of course, auspicious. The characters of "Xiang" and "Fu", in the eyes of the ancestors of Chinese characters, need to rely on heaven (gods) in order to get good luck and happiness. This is because the productivity of these old ancestors was so low that they thought they had to rely on God for everything.

为什么用羊祭祀最吉祥呢？因为用家禽祭祀，个头小，显得不够庄严和隆重，不足以表达对神的敬意，这样祭祀神灵就不够虔诚，这就 “不祥”；而宰杀作为大型生产力工具的牛马，会对农业乃至军事产生严重危害，虽然很恭敬神，对神很虔诚，但却导致对农业、军事的严重损害，是一种得不偿失的做法。

Why is the sheep offering the most auspicious? Because the sacrifice of the birds, the small, the appearance is not solemn and solemn, not enough to express the respect of the God, so the sacrifice of the deities is not religious, this is the “ominous”; and the slaughter, as the cattle horse of the large productivity tool, will cause serious harm to the agriculture and even the military, although it is very respectful to the God, The devotion to God, but the serious damage to agriculture and the military, is an uncompensated practice.

而宰杀羊敬神是最合适的，羊的个头相对较大，价值比较高，用它敬神比较体面，显得比较虔诚，再就是宰杀羊对农业生产影响不大。用羊来祭祀神灵一般是地位比较高的人，普通人民连温饱问题都解决不了，哪还能用此祭祀神灵呢。

The slaughtering of sheep is the most appropriate, the size of the sheep is relatively large, the value is relatively high, using it to respect God more respectfully, appears to be more devout, and then slaughtered sheep on agricultural production. The common people can't even solve the problem of food and clothing.

当然，皇帝祭祀天地和先皇等场面比较大，还得用牛马猪等来祭祀，不是一只两只，而是有一定的数量 。但是，总的来说，用羊来祭祀神灵已经不错了，目的是乞求神灵给自己各种吉祥如意的保护。

Of course, the emperor's sacrifice to heaven and earth and the emperor, such as the scene is relatively large, but also the use of cattle, horses and pigs to sacrifice, not one of two, but a certain number. But, on the whole, it was good to sacrifice the gods with sheep in order to beg for their own protection.

由“祥”字组成的词组有：祥和、祥瑞、不祥、吉祥、祥麟、祥云等。

The phrase composed of "Xiang" is: Xianghe, Xiangrui, ominous, auspicious, Xianglin, Xiangyun and so on.

福ｆú■：富裕和祭祀（遵从组训）是福的基本内容

The rich and the sacrifice (compliance with the group training) is the basic content of the blessing

福：礻＋畐。 与“富”字对于财富诠释非常一致的字是“福”字。“幸福”观和“富裕”观，有着很接近的内容；但是，光是富裕却不是福！富+什示旁（礻）才是真正的福。

F: he is. The word "fortune" is very consistent with the word "rich" for the interpretation of wealth. The view of "happiness" and "wealth" have very close contents, but being rich alone is not a blessing! He is the real blessing.

甲骨文里的“福”字，是双手捧酒坛请神喝酒，也就是用酒来祭祀神灵，就能够获得幸福。而在隶书和楷书里，福字来自祭祀神灵，以及来自“畐”，即“一口田”。

The word "blessing" in oracle bone, is holding the wine altar in both hands to invite God to drink, that is to say, offering sacrifices to the gods with wine, so that happiness can be achieved. In official script and regular script, the word "blessing" comes from sacrificial gods, and from "Li", that is, "a field."

从字面上看，古代的“福”字的右半边与“富”字是一样的，而后，随着汉字的演变，与“富”字有所不同，但是还是非常相似，只是为了书写的方便把宝盖头（宀）去掉了，即变成了“畐”（bi），即俗称“一口田”。“福”字的右半边，古时是“富”字，其含意就是住房、人口和田地。换言之，“福”与“富”不仅同音，而且其意义也有许多相同之处。“福”与“富”密不可分，“福”包含了“富”，如果没有富裕的日子，也就难以称为“幸福”的日子；但是，有了富裕的生活，未必就是有“福”的生活。比如，即使生活很富裕，但是缺乏家庭团结，缺乏爱情的婚姻，等等，那么也不是幸福的生活。

Literally, the right half of the ancient word "Fu" is the same as the word "rich". Then, as the Chinese character evolves, it is different from the word "rich", but it is still very similar. That is to say, (bi), is known as "a field." The right half of the word "Fu", ancient word "rich", its meaning is housing, population and land. In other words, "Fu" and "rich" not only have the same meaning, but also have a lot in common. "good" and "rich" are inseparable, "blessing" contains "rich", if there is no rich days, it is difficult to call "lucky" The day of happiness; however, having a rich life is not necessarily a life of happiness. For example, even if life is very rich, but lack of family unity, lack of love marriage, and so on, it is not a happy life.

幸福的生活比起富裕的生活有较大的不同，表现在汉字中是：“福”字的右边虽然与“富”字相同（后来发生演变），但是，与“富”字相比， “福”字却有点神秘，左边比起“富”字多了“礻”（神示）旁。左边的“礻”旁，意味着福 “非人力可为”，而是一种需要依靠上天、神灵赐予的东西。对于古代劳动人民来说，产生这种想法是很自然的。因为我国古代一直是以农立国的，农业收成的好坏，主要依靠老天的赐予。年景好，风调雨顺，加上农民的辛勤耕种，收成就好；年景不好，各种自然灾害频繁发生，即使农民终年劳碌，农业收成依然不好。而“富”和“福”都是与农业收成密切联系在一起的。因此，对于“天”（神灵）的敬畏，在人们心中就占有相当的地位。“神示”旁表明人们对于上天、神灵的敬畏和祭祀的诚恳。

The life of happiness is different from the rich life, and in the Chinese character, the right side of the “Fu” word is the same as the “Fu” word (it is later developed), but the “Fu” character is a bit mysterious as compared with the “Fu” word, The left side is more “to make a difference” than the “Fu” word (shown by God). The left side of the “to make a difference”, which means a blessing “non-manpower can be”, is a kind of thing that needs to be given by the gods and the gods. It is natural for the ancient working people to produce such an idea. Because the ancient times of our country have always been in the country of agriculture, the agricultural harvest is good or bad, mainly depends on the gift of God. The annual scenery is good, the wind and the rain are smooth, and the addition If farmers work hard, the harvest will be good; the years will be bad, and all kinds of natural disasters will occur frequently. Even if farmers work all year round, the agricultural harvest will still be poor. Rich and lucky are closely related to agricultural harvests. Therefore, the reverence for "heaven" occupies a considerable place in people's hearts. God shows the reverence of God and the sincerity of sacrifice.

中国古话：“谋事在人，成事在天。”这不仅是众多老百姓的看法，就连聪明绝顶的诸葛亮也如此看。“福”字的右边比起“富”字“神示”旁的增加，一方面表现人们在生产力十分落后的条件下对于所从事事业成功的规律性感到神秘，另一方面也表示人们在改造社会、改造自然能否成功上的困惑。事实上，自信心从来就是由人自身能力决定的；自身能力越强，自信心就越强，反之，自身能力越弱，自信心就越差。

As the old Chinese saying goes, "it is in man that it is done in heaven." This is not only the opinion of many ordinary people, even the extremely clever Zhuge Liang also sees so. The increase on the right side of the word "blessing" is more than that of the word "rich" and "god shows". On the one hand, it shows that people are enigmatic about the regularity of success in their undertakings under conditions of very backward productivity, and on the other hand that they are transforming society. The confusion over whether the transformation of nature can succeed. In fact, self-confidence is always determined by one's own ability; the stronger one's own ability, the stronger one's self-confidence is, whereas, the weaker one's own ability is, the worse one's self-confidence is.

“福”字。《说文》：“佑也，从示。”《新华字典》：“1、幸福。2、指福建。”

"Fu" word. "you also, from the show." Xinhua Dictionary ":" 1, happiness. 2, refers to Fujian. "