原标题:美国高等教育术语表（A-C) U.S. Higher Education Glossary
Studying in the United States can be confusing if you don't fully understand the words used in U.S. higher education. With that in mind, U.S. News compiled a glossary of important education terms specifically for international students and parents.
如果你不完全理解美国高等教育中使用的词汇，那么在美国学习可能会让你感到困惑。考虑到这一点，《美国新闻》专门为国际学生和家长编制了一份重要的教育词汇表。
While this list is not exhaustive, it offers a key starting point as you explore the best U.S. colleges and universities for you.
虽然这份清单并不详尽，但它提供了一个关键的起点，你可以探索美国最好的大学。
A-C:
1、Academic adviser: A member of a school's faculty who provides advice and guidance to students on academic matters, such as course selections.
学术顾问：为学生在学术事务上提供建议和指导的教员，例如课程选择。
2、Academic year: Annual period during which a student attends and receives formal instruction at a college or university, typically from August or September to May or June. The academic year may be divided into semesters, trimesters, quarters or other calendars.
学年：在学院或大学期间，学生参加并接受正规教育的学年，通常从8月或9月到5月或6月。学年可以分为学期、学期、学期或其他日历。
3、Accredited: Official recognition that a college or university meets the standards of a regional or national association. Although international students are not required to attend an accredited college or university in the United States, employers, other schools and governments worldwide often only recognize degrees from accredited schools.
认证：正式承认学院或大学符合地区或全国协会的标准。尽管国际学生不被要求参加美国的认证学院或大学，但世界范围内的雇主、其他学校和政府通常只认可认可学校的学位。
4、Affidavit of Support: An official document proving adequate funding from an individual or organization to cover an international student's educational and living expenses while enrolled at a U.S. college or university.
财力证明：一份正式的文件，证明在美国学院或大学入学时，个人或组织有足够的资金来支付国际学生的教育和生活费用。
5、Assistantship: A financial aid award granted to a graduate student to help pay for tuition that is offered in return for certain services, such as serving as a teaching assistant or research assistant.
助学金:授予研究生的助学金，用于支付某些服务的学费，如担任助教或研究助理。
6、Audit: To take a class to gain knowledge about a subject, but without receiving credit toward a degree.
旁听：选择一门课程去学习相关的知识，但不获取相关学位的学分。
B
1、Bachelor's: An undergraduate degree awarded by a college or university upon successful completion of a program of study, typically requiring at least four years (or the equivalent) of full-time study. Common degree types include bachelor of arts (B.A. or A.B.), which refers to the liberal arts, and bachelor of science (B.S.). A bachelor's is required before starting graduate studies.
学士学位：一所学院或大学在成功完成一项研究计划后授予的学士学位，通常至少需要四年(或同等的)全日制学习。普通的学位类型包括文学学士(文学学士或A.B.)，即文科学士和理学学士(B.S.)。在开始研究生学习之前需要学士学位。
2、Career services: An office at colleges and universities that offers counseling, workshops and other resources to help students find internships and jobs or apply to graduate programs. Some U.S. schools have advisers in these offices dedicated to working with international students.
职业指导服务：提供咨询、工作坊和其他资源的学院和大学的办公室，帮助学生找到实习和工作，或申请研究生课程。一些美国学校在这些办公室里设有顾问，致力于与国际学生合作。
3、Commencement: A graduation ceremony where students officially receive their degrees, typically held in May or June at the end of the academic year, though some colleges and universities also hold August and December ceremonies.
毕业典礼：学生正式获得学位的毕业典礼，通常在学年结束的5月或6月举行，不过一些学院和大学也举行8月和12月的仪式。
4、Community college: A public, two-year postsecondary institution that offers the associate degree. Also known as a "junior college." Community colleges typically provide a transfer program, allowing students to transfer to a four-year school to complete their bachelor's degree, and a career program, which provides students with a vocational degree.
社区学院：提供副学位的公立、两年的高等教育机构。也被称为“专科学校”。社区学院通常提供一个转学项目，允许学生转到四年制的学校完成学士学位和职业规划，为学生提供一个职业学位。
5、Conditional admission: An acceptance to a college or university that is dependent on the student first completing coursework or meeting specific criteria before enrollment. For an international student, this can include a requirement to attain a certain level of English-language proficiency if the student's TOEFL score doesn't meet the minimum required.
有条件录取：学院或大学的录取，首先取决于学生能否在入学前先完成学校要求的课程或达到某项特定的标准。对于一个国际学生来说，如果学生的托福成绩没有达到最低要求，那么，学校可能要求学生达到学校要求的语言能力水平。
6、Core requirements: Mandatory courses that students are required to complete to earn a degree.
核心要求：学生获得学位必须完成的必修课程。
7、Course: A regularly scheduled class on a particular subject. Each college or university offers degree programs that consist of a specific number of required and elective courses.
课程：某一特定科目的定期课程。每个学院或大学都提供学位课程，包括特定数量的必修课和选修课。
8、CPT (Curricular Practical Training): A type of work authorization that allows international students to participate in training, such as an internship or co-op, with an off-campus employer. Work performed under CPT must be a necessary part of an international student's degree program and has to be completed before graduation. Students are only eligible for CPT after they've completed their first year of studies in the U.S., with the exception of graduate students whose program requires immediate training.
CPT(课程实践培训)：一种允许国际学生参加培训的工作授权，例如实习或合作，与校外雇主一起。在CPT下进行的工作必须是国际学生学位课程的必要部分，必须在毕业前完成。在美国完成了第一年的学业后，学生才有资格申请CPT，除了那些需要立即培训的研究生。
9、Credits: Units that a school uses to indicate that a student has completed and passed courses that are required for a degree. Each school defines the total number and types of credits necessary for degree completion, with every course being assigned a value in terms of "credits," "credit hours," or "units."
学分：一所学校用来表明学生已经完成并通过了学位要求的课程的单位。每一所学校都规定了学位完成所需的学分的总数和类型，每门课程都被赋予了“学分”、“学分制”或“单位”的价值。
10、Culture shock: Feelings of uncertainty, confusion or anxiety that can occur when adjusting to a new country and culture that may be very different from your own. International students may also experience "reverse culture shock" upon returning to their home country, after they have become accustomed to the new country and culture.
文化冲击：在适应新的国家和文化时，可能会对与你自己不同文化产生一些不确定、困惑或焦虑的感觉。留学生回国后也可能经历“逆向文化冲击”，因为他们已经习惯了新的国家和文化。
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