清代霁蓝釉水盂 Blue Glazed Water Pouch in Qing Dynasty

明清蓝釉习称“霁蓝”，它继承元代传统，延烧不断，主要造型为祭器和陈设用瓷。明代霁蓝最为后人称道的首推宣德一朝，其釉色蓝如深海，釉面匀净，呈色稳定，后人称其为“霁青”，把它与白釉和红釉并列，推为宣德颜色釉瓷器的三大上品。宣德霁蓝釉瓷器多为单一色釉，也有少部分刻画暗花的，另有蓝釉白花的，多绘折枝花及鱼藻纹。官窑款青花和暗款两种，均为“大明宣德年制”双行六字楷款。

Ming and Qing Dynasty blue glaze is commonly known as "indigo blue", which inherits the tradition of Yuan Dynasty and continues to burn, mainly in the form of sacrificial utensils and display porcelain. In the Ming Dynasty, the first known celadon was Xuande Dynasty. Its glaze was as blue as the deep sea. Its glaze surface was even and stable. Later people called it "indigo", which was juxtaposed with white glaze and red glaze, and was regarded as the top three of Xuande's color glazed pottery. Xuande blue glazed pottery is mostly single-color glaze, but a small part depicts dark flowers, and there are blue glazed white flowers, mostly painted twigs and fish algae patterns. Official kiln style blue and white and secret style are two double-line six-character regular scripts of "Daming Xuande Annual System". 清霁蓝鉴定要点如下： ① 里外满施蓝釉和里白釉外蓝釉者并存。 ② 碗、盘、口沿“灯草边”整齐者少，多数线条弯曲，不规整。 ③ 圈足施釉到底，平视不见圈足露胎。 ④ 凡四字款者，均为后仿。 ⑤ 浅刻花纹多为龙纹，白花者龙纹少见，且白花均是用堆塑法制作，为凸       起的立体花纹，但乍看时，似无立体感。 ⑥ 造型上碗、盘常见，瓶、壶、盘在传世品中少见。 

The main points of identification of Indigo indigotica are as follows:The blue glaze and the blue glaze both inside and outside coexist. (2) Bowls, plates and mouths along the edge of "lamp grass" are few, most of the lines are curved and irregular. (3) Apply glaze to the bottom of the circle foot, but do not see the circle foot to expose the fetus. (4) All the four-character items are imitated later. (5) Shallow carved pattern is mostly dragon pattern, white flower is rare, and white flower is made by stacking method, which is a convex three-dimensional pattern, but at first glance, it seems that there is no stereoscopic sense. Bowls and plates are common in shape, but bottles, pots and plates are rare in handed down products.
  

嘉靖蓝釉瓷器较为盛行，一是造型品种丰富多彩，二是釉色品种有新发展，造型除传统的宫廷祭器、陈设瓷外，日用器皿中也常见蓝釉产品。釉色除霁蓝外，又新创一种“回青”釉。嘉靖霁蓝釉蓝色中微泛紫色，有些釉面开细小纹片，个别的有棕色斑点，接近底足的聚釉处则呈黑色。回青釉则呈淡蓝色，没有刺眼的浮光，有些器物的口沿及圈足处施一层酱色釉。回青釉的施釉方法不同于霁蓝釉。它是把钴料均匀地吹到器物外壁上，然后再罩一层透明釉。从工艺学角度讲，似应该是洒蓝釉的一种。嘉靖回青釉多刻暗款，均为六字楷书款，造型有罐、洗、碗、盘、杯、渣斗、香铲等。有些浅刻龙凤、云龙及缠枝花纹。这些器物主要藏于台北和北京的故宫博物院中，均是宫中旧藏。Jiajing Blue Glaze Porcelain is more prevalent. Firstly, there are various types of glaze. Secondly, there are new developments in glaze color. Besides traditional palace sacrifices and display ceramics, blue glaze products are also common in daily utensils. The glaze color is not only indigo, but also a new kind of "green-back" glaze. Jiajing indigo blue glaze is slightly purple in blue. Some glazes have fine stripes, some have brown spots, and the glaze near the sole feet is black. The glaze is pale blue with no glare, and some utensils are coated with a paste glaze along the mouth and around the foot. The glazing method of Huiqing glaze is different from that of indigo glaze. The cobalt material is evenly blown onto the outer wall of the utensil and then covered with a transparent glaze. From the point of view of technology, it seems to be a kind of spraying blue glaze. Jiajing Huiqing glaze is multi-engraved and hidden, all of which are six-character regular script style. The shapes include pots, washing, bowls, plates, cups, scum buckets, shaving shovels, etc. Some shallow engraved dragons and phoenixes, Yunlong and twisted patterns. These objects are mainly stored in the Palace Museum in Taipei and Beijing, and are old in the Palace Museum.
清代霁蓝釉瓷器生产历代未断，均有精品传世。有刻暗花纹的，也有描金彩的，常见造型仍是宫廷祭器和陈设用瓷。其官窑霁蓝釉瓷多有官款，且做工十分精细。民窑也有霁蓝釉瓷，多是祭器，以炉、瓶最多，均无官款，但有书纪年款。

The production of indigo glazed pottery in Qing Dynasty has not been interrupted for generations, and all of them have passed down fine products. There are dark patterns and gold paintings. The common shapes are still ceramics for court sacrifices and furnishings. Its official kiln indigo glazed porcelain is mostly official, and the workmanship is very fine. There are also indigo glazed pottery in folk kilns, mostly sacrificial utensils, most of which are furnaces and bottles, which are not officially owned, but have a Book anniversary.