中华民国 开国纪念币 壹圆/孙像 孙小头 直径39毫米，厚2.5毫米，重26.95克，整体完好，图文清晰。 孙小头，这种纪念币有两个版本： （ 分别是在1912年和1927年铸造） 1927年版的“孙小头”： 如果背面印有两个五角星，称为“上五角星”；如果背面印有两个六角星，称为“上六角星”。

The commemorative coin of the founding of the Republic of China is round/Sun Xiaotou, 39 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness and 26.95 g in weight. The whole coin is intact with clear pictures and texts. Sun Xiaotou, this commemorative coin has two versions: (founded in 1912 and 1927 respectively) the 1927 version of "Sun Xiaotou": if there are two pentagons printed on the back, it is called "Upper Pentagon"; if there are two hexagons printed on the back, it is called "Upper Hexagonal Star".  中国以银为币的历史很早，春秋战国时期就有银币使用。在考古中，经常发现唐、宋的银锁、元宝，元、明、清之际的银锭、元宝传世和出土就更多了。17世纪后，西方商人每年从中国购买大量的农副土特产品，绝大部分是用外国银元支付的。由于外国银元制作精巧，大小成色基本一致，便于计算， 人们乐于接受。我国传统的银锭、元宝则显得笨重，慢慢地退出了流通领域。因此，大量的外国银元流入我国，
Silver coins have a long history in China. Silver coins were used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In archaeology, silver locks and Yuan Bao in Tang and Song dynasties were often found, and more silver ingots and Yuan Bao were handed down and unearthed in Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. After the 17th century, Western businessmen bought a large number of agricultural and sideline local products from China every year, most of which were paid in foreign silver dollars. Because of the exquisite production of foreign silver dollars, the size and color are basically the same, and it is easy to calculate, people are willing to accept. China's traditional silver ingots and Yuan Bao are bulky and have slowly withdrawn from the circulation field. As a result, a large number of foreign silver dollars have flowed into our country.

到了清朝末年，外国银元在中国所占的货币比重高达43%为了抵制外币，清政府也开始自行铸造银币。1791年（乾隆五十六年），西藏地方政府决定铸造章噶银币，形为薄片，上有藏文。次年，清政府在西藏拉萨设立宝藏钱局，最初试铸了一种“乾隆通宝”薄片银币。由于该币正反面均是藏文而无汉文，未能获准发行，存世极少。1793年（乾隆五十八年），宝藏局根据中央户部颁发的钱式铸造了“乾隆宝藏”银币，为中国新货币文化打了头阵。其后，依次有嘉庆宝藏、道光宝藏。因这种银币只限于西藏发行使用，数量不多，留存至今更为少见。
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, foreign silver dollars accounted for 43% of the currency in China. In order to resist foreign currencies, the Qing government began to mint silver coins by itself. In 1791 (the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong Emperor), the Tibetan local government decided to forge Zhangga silver coins in thin slices with Tibetan on them. The following year, the Qing government set up a treasure money Bureau in Lhasa, Tibet, and initially tried to create a thin slice of "Qianlong Tongbao" silver coin. Because both sides of the coin are Tibetan but not Chinese, it has not been allowed to be issued and is rarely survived. In 1793 (the fifty-eighth year of Qianlong Emperor), the Treasury Bureau coined the "Qianlong Treasure" silver coin according to the money style issued by the Central Ministry of Household Affairs, which was the first battle for China's new currency culture. Thereafter, there are Jiaqing and Daoguang treasures in turn. Because this kind of silver coin is only issued and used in Tibet, the quantity is not much, and it is still rare to retain.

此币民国16年版装饰星花为六角星。该币正面图案边??缘左右的长枝花，与其它版币相比有较大的变异，左右长枝花梢上不是三瓣而是竖起的一个扁“曰”，在其顶上伸出1竖(一瓣)左右各伸出一瓣形成了一个特异的花枝。该币十分稀少，集空心穗、异花、长六角星、英文等于一体，是银币爱好者及收藏家不断寻求的一种珍品。

The 16-year edition of this coin is decorated with six-pointed stars. Compared with other editions of coins, the long branches around the edge of the front pattern of the coin have greater variation. On the left and right long branches, there are not three petals, but a flat "said" erected. On the top of the long branches, one vertical (one petal) or the other extended one petal to form a special flower branch. The coin is very rare. It combines hollow spikes, flowers, hexagons and English. It is a treasure sought by silver coin lovers and collectors.
鉴定技巧：孙小头银元就是印有头像的银元，称之为孙中山像壹圆开国纪念银币，俗称“孙小头”。根据铸造时间和铸造厂不同，孙小头银元主要分为三个大的种类：1、上五星：在背面（壹圆那面）的2、10点的位置各有一个五角星；2、下五星：在背面4、8点位置各有一个五角星；3、上六星：在背面2、10点位置各有一个六角星；
Identification skills:Sun Xiaotou's silver coin is the silver coin with his head on it. It is called Sun Yat-sen's silver coin in commemoration of the founding of the People's Republic of China, commonly known as "Sun Xiaotou". According to the casting time and the foundry, Sun Xiaotou's silver coins are divided into three major categories:1. Upper Five Stars: There is a pentagonal star at 2 and 10 o'clock on the back (on the other side of a circle).2. Next Five Stars: each has a Pentagon at 4 and 8 o'clock on the back.3. The upper six stars: each has a hexagonal star at points 2 and 10 on the back.
五星的是元年铸造的。六星的是16年（1927年）南京政府成立以后后铸的。根据梅花、英文还可以继续区分版别，但是最主要是根据五星还是六星来区分！
Five stars were cast in the first year.Six stars were cast after the founding of the Nanjing government in 16 years (1927).According to plum blossom and English, we can continue to distinguish editions, but the most important thing is to distinguish five or six stars.

近年来，随着热的不断升温，银元也日渐走俏，且价格一路上扬。尤其是珍品银元，在藏品交易市场上表现异常活跃。1997年3月，在上海首届近代银币拍卖会上，一枚1929年发行的“孙中山开国”，拍至55万元高价成交。In recent years, with the rising heat, the silver dollar has become increasingly popular, and prices have been rising all the way. Especially the precious silver dollar has been very active in the collection market. In March 1997, at the first modern silver coin auction in Shanghai, a "Sun Yat-sen Founding the Nation" issued in 1929 was sold at a high price of 550,000 yuan.
“孙中山开国纪念币””存世量极为稀少，在2007年开始已经在拍卖上突破五十万元大关，在2013年的时候，再次出现一枚“孙中山开国纪念币”，那时候经众多激烈争夺，最终以160万成交。如此成绩，让众多学者、大瞠目结舌。
"Sun Yat-sen Founding Commemorative Coin" is extremely rare in the world. It has exceeded the 500,000 yuan mark at auction since 2007. In 2013, another "Sun Yat-sen Founding Commemorative Coin" appeared again. At that time, after many fierce contests, it finally closed with 1.6 million yuan. Such achievements make many scholars stare and stumble.
近日，摩根大通国际拍卖及上海典宝文化公司有幸征集到一枚罕世珍品的“开国纪念币”， 藏品直径：3.8cm。这枚六角星银元是存世量最为稀少的一种，可谓凤毛麟角。藏品保存较好，其色泽自然，不论是文字还是图案，都显得自然细腻，深浅合 适。孙中山头像更是栩栩如生，银元散发出一股王者的风范和历史沉淀的气息。“开国纪念币”已经数年没有出世，如今“开国纪念币”举世难寻出几枚，价值实在难以言喻。开国纪念币 壹圆/孙像 孙小头 直径39毫米，厚2.5毫米，重26.95克，整体完好，图文清晰。 孙小头，这种纪念币有两个版本： （ 分别是在1912年和1927年铸造） 1927年版的“”： 如果背面印有两个五角星，称为“上五角星”；如果背面印有两个六角星，称为“上六角星”。

Recently, J.P. Morgan Chase International Auction and Shanghai Dianbao Culture Company had the privilege to collect a rare "founding commemorative coin" with a diameter of 3.8cm. This hexagonal silver dollar is one of the rarest in the world, so it is rare. The collection is well preserved and its color is natural. It is natural and delicate and suitable in depth and shade, whether in words or in patterns. Sun Yat-sen's head is even more vivid, and the silver dollar exudes a king's style and the atmosphere of historical precipitation. "Founding commemorative coin" has not been born for several years. Nowadays, "Founding commemorative coin" is hard to find in the world, and its value is beyond words.The founding commemorative coin of Sun Xiaotou is 39 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness and 26.95 grams in weight. The whole coin is in good condition with clear pictures and texts. Sun Xiaotou, this commemorative coin has two versions: (made in 1912 and 1927 respectively) the 1927 edition of "Upper Pentagon" if there are two pentagons printed on the back, and "Upper Pentagon" if there are two hexagons printed on the back, it is called "Upper Hexagonal Star".
鉴定真假四大方法：银色 包浆 边齿 机铸纹Four methods for identifying the true and false: silver-coated edge gear machine pattern
银色，即是银圆呈现出的金属色彩。真银圆的银色白色中透着滋润，光泽柔和，颜色中透出一种自然沁色。假银圆虽是白银制造，但是由于金属成分的配方，它的银色和老银圆有着差异，一般是白里透着青，光泽较强，颜色生硬刺眼，用行话说：就是带“贼光”。这一点通过多观察，比较容易掌握.

Silver is the metallic color of the silver circle. The silvery white of the real silver circle is moist and soft in luster, with a natural refreshing color in color. Fake silver round is made of silver, but because of the formula of metal composition, its silver is different from old silver round. Generally, it is green in white, strong luster, hard and eye-catching color. In jargon, it is with "thieves'light". This point is easier to grasp through more observation.声音voice敲击真银圆，声音的频率较低，会发出绵长柔和悦耳的声音。假银圆由于金属成分配方的问题以及制作工艺的不同，它的声音总是比较尖细，声音的频率较高。但是需要注意的是，有的真银圆也有声音不好的情况，俗称“哑版”。声音，只是鉴定银圆的依据之一.
The sound frequency is low when the real silver circle is struck, and a long, soft and pleasant sound will be produced. Because of the problem of metal composition and different manufacturing process, the sound of fake silver round is always sharp and the frequency of sound is high. However, it should be noted that some real silver circles have bad voice, commonly known as the "dumb version". Sound is only one of the bases for the identification of silver coins.
包浆Slurry银圆的包浆是银圆在流通使用的过程中，表面因氧化而产生的一层深色附着物。它非常薄，但是性状很稳定，不容易掉色。现代的假银圆采用、红外线扫描等技术制造模具，其重量、图案等都基本接近真品，所以包浆对于银圆的鉴定显得尤为重要。经我多年收集银圆，观察总结发现：真正的包浆在高倍放大镜下，显示其包浆附着物的状态比较疏松，呈油汗状物堆积，层次色泽非常丰富，这种现象在银圆的文字、图案、内齿的空隙中尤为明显。现代的假银圆，为了克服它银色贼亮的毛病，往往会用化学或者其他的方法给做上一层假包浆，这种假包浆在高倍放大镜下，显示出颜色单调、层次平淡，它实际上就是表面发生化学变化产生的颜色变化而已。掌握此要领对鉴定银圆非常重要边齿.

The slurry of silver circle is a dark adherent on the surface of Silver Circle produced by oxidation during circulation. It's very thin, but it's very stable and it's not easy to fade. Modern fake Silver Circle uses infrared scanning technology to make moulds. Its weight and pattern are basically close to the real product, so the slurry is particularly important for the identification of silver circle. After many years of collecting silver circle, observation and summary found that under high power magnifying glass, the true slurry showed loose adherent state, accumulation of oil sweat, rich layers of color, this phenomenon is particularly evident in the voids of the characters, patterns and inner teeth of the silver circle. Modern false silver round, in order to overcome its silver thieves bright faults, often use chemical or other methods to make a layer of false pulp, this false pulp in high magnifying glass, showing a monotonous color, flat level, it is actually the surface of chemical changes produced by the color change. Mastering this key point is very important for identifying the edge teeth of silver circle.
银圆的边齿有两大作用：防伪和防止盗取金属。在银圆的鉴定中，边齿是非常重要的一环。现代高仿银圆的一个共同的致命弱点就是边齿过不了关。真银圆的边齿整齐均匀、略带弧型，边齿细看好象是由两根细线组成一样。一般的边齿都有自然的磨损痕迹，在边齿内一般有包浆，即使你洗币也很难洗掉。假银圆的边齿不太整齐，不够均匀，不带弧型，很生硬，边齿内多有较新人为加工痕迹。多加观察，不难发现。

Silver round edge teeth have two main functions: anti-counterfeiting and preventing metal theft. Edge teeth are very important in the identification of silver circles. A common fatal weakness of modern high imitation silver circle is that the edge teeth can not pass through. The real silver round edge teeth are neat and uniform, slightly arc-shaped. The edge teeth look like they are made up of two thin lines. Normally, there are natural wear marks on the edge teeth. In the edge teeth, there is usually a slurry. Even if you wash money, it is difficult to wash it out. False silver round edge teeth are not very regular, not uniform, without arc, very rigid, there are many new artificial processing marks in the edge teeth. It is not difficult to find out if we observe more.  机铸纹Machine casting pattern
机铸纹是机制硬币在冲压成型的过程中产生的一种纹理。在硬币品相级别的评定中，机铸纹的表现状态是影响定级的重要因素之一。通过机铸纹鉴定银圆，一般收藏爱好者都不太熟悉。在此，我先介绍一下机铸纹的产生原因及其特点：银圆的制造机械是压力很大的液压机械，当银币的胚饼放入钢模后，机械向钢模施压，由于模具的体积是一定的，胚饼在模具中受到巨大的压力后，只会从钢模的中心向四周延展，从而产生一种从胚饼的中心（银圆的圆心）向圆周发散状的细微纹路，这就是机铸纹产生的原因和过程。现代假银圆虽然有的也是机器冲压成型，但由于其现代机械的先进条件，使它的压力远远达不到真银圆制造的压力，所以很难产生机铸纹。真银圆，带光银圆的机铸纹一般都非常明显。即使有使用磨损的银圆，虽然大面积的机铸纹已经不明显，但是在银圆的内齿周围，由于有内齿的保护，机铸纹不容易被磨损掉，只要仔细用放大镜观察，仍然是不难发现机铸纹的。

Machine pattern is a kind of texture produced in the stamping process of machine-made coins. In the evaluation of the phase grade of coins, the present state of the machine pattern is one of the important factors affecting the grade. Through the identification of silver circle by machine casting pattern, the general collectors are not familiar with it. Here, I would like to introduce the causes and characteristics of the machine pattern: the silver round manufacturing machine is a hydraulic machine with high pressure. When the silver coin cake is put into the steel mould, the machine presses on the steel mould. Because the size of the mould is certain, the cake will only extend from the center of the steel mould to all sides after it is subjected to tremendous pressure, thus producing a kind of cake from the center (silver circle). This is the cause and process of the machine casting pattern. Although some of the modern fake silver rounds are also stamped by machines, the pressure of the modern machines is far less than that of the real silver rounds, so it is difficult to produce machine patterns. Real silver round, with bright silver round machine-cast patterns are generally very obvious. Even with worn silver circle, although the large area of machine-cast pattern has not been obvious, but around the inner teeth of the silver circle, due to the protection of the inner teeth, the machine-cast pattern is not easy to be worn out, as long as the magnifying glass is carefully observed, it is still not difficult to find the machine-cast pattern.